Submarine pipeline (Dung Quat Refinery , Quang Ngai, Vietnam)

This project is the laying of a crude oil receiving pipeline for the Dung Quat Refinery, which is the first refinery in Vietnam. Approximately 2.330 tons of steel material was used to lay a submarine pipe with a total length of 3,200 m x 2 lines and an onshore pipe with a total length of 800 m x 1 line.
The submarine pipes were laid in the following steps , (1) a launching yard was constructed on the onshore coast, and a roller trestle for launching, welding and inspection stations were installed, (2) a pulling barge rigged with a 300-ton towing winch was moored 4 km offshore, (3) wires (φ76 mm) for the pulling winch were laid along the pipe line, and (4)at the launching yard, weld the 12-meter pipes (2 lines), conduct X-ray inspection, and apply anti-corrosion and heat-retention coating to the welds, and then attach a buoyancy buoy. (5)the pipe was towed to the seafloor (6) repeating operations of (4) and (5) until the tip of the pipe reached a predetermined position (3.2 km offshore).